Genders put to the test of deindustrialization : female workers in Seine-Saint-Denis and in Haute-Vienne (1950-2000) ; Les genres à l'épreuve de la désindustrialisation : ouvrières de Seine-Saint-Denis et de Haute-Vienne (années 1950-2000)

The aim of this thesis is to examine the representations of deindustrialization through conflicts, public policies, and the experiences of women workers, based on gender.Ile-de-France and Limousin offer a new perspective to understand the process from a gender perspective, alongside the emblematic industrial basins hit by deindustrialization. By leaving the geographical areas usually studied which are characterized by their mono-industry and their male workforce, and by adopting a comparative approach, the plurality of the modes of deindustrialization is highlighted. They disrupt the industrial life of the spaces studied and clash with the lives of workers in general, and female workers in particular.Through the examination of the process of deindustrialization through female, mixed, and male factories linked to diversified sectors, both traditional and emerging in the early 1950s, a new reading grid was established. It is a complex phenomenon in its form, its temporality, its degree of visibility, the actors involved and the genre, which puts at a distance the representations generally show on the media or artistic scene of factory closures accompanied by their lot of layoffs.As a source of tension between employees, employers and intermediary bodies, deindustrialization is then systematically evoked as a sustainable economic process for some, as a temporary phenomenon for others, or even as a pretext. Thus, the use that is made of it by the actors and the ways in which it models the career paths reflect the changes of times.The thesis is interested in the effects that it has on workers' trajectories and what it creates as disorder in the professional and personal lives of these women. Feminized branches from the 1950s onwards were affected by the destruction of jobs in Seine-Saint-Denis and Haute-Vienne.If the State does not seem indifferent to the fate of women in society and at work, its position is weakened by economic degradation.The organization and sexual structuring between the industrial sectors is ...