Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 sobre la salud mental de los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes

[eng] Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a challenge for the mental health of many people around the world, especially for adolescents and young adults; and that has led to significant mental effects due to anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation and even suicide. Objective: The general objective of this work is to explore the effects on mental health of the adolescent population and young adults due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding the specific objectives, they are the following: to know the prevalence of suicidal ideation that appears during confinement due to COVID-19 among our study population; to know the effect of parent-child communication on mental health during confinement and its protective and/or risk factors; identify risk and protective factors in the mental health of adolescents and young adults. Search methodology: On February 2, 2022, 3 searches were carried out in the PubMed and PsycINFO databases with the help of the "Descriptors of Health Sciences (DeCS)" platform using the keywords of this study with their corresponding boolean terms. Search results: Between the two databases, a total of 584 results were obtained, of which 45 passed the screening, 38 were eligible and finally 26 were included. A critical reading of the 26 studies was carried out to determine their methodological quality (medium-high), a level of evidence was given (between 3 and 1+) and a degree of recommendation (A-D) was assigned according to the scale SIGN. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic and its measures to stop it have had a great impact on the mental health of the general population and even more so in adolescents and young adults, with the main symptoms being: stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia and post-traumatic stress. As regards suicide rates, they have increased significantly since then and with it, therefore: suicidal ideation, self-harm and suicide attempts. It has also been proven that all these results are given by risk factors such as: poor relationship between parents and children, being ...