نبذة مختصرة : Burkholderia pseudomallei is a non-fermentative gram-negative bacterium that is positive for oxidase and enzyme, does not form spores and does not have metachromatic particles. It is the pathogen of human anthrax. Burkholderia melioides is easy to cultivate and has strong antimicrobial resistance. Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or capsular polysaccharide subunit vaccine can play a part of immune protection in mouse models, there is no effective vaccine for melioidosis. Melioidosis is a kind of zoonosis caused by Burkholderia melioides infection. In China, it is mainly prevalent in the southern region, with the focus of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, etc. The main routes of infection include inhalation subcutaneous inoculation and skin damage infection, which are usually found in sewage, soil and paddy fields, and often caused by agricultural contact. It is estimated that there are about 165000 cases of people infected with melioidosis and 89000 deaths every year in the world, of which the incidence rate in South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific is 44%, 40%, and the mortality is 47% and 35% respectively [1]. Its lesions can involve all organs of the body, which is easy to cause high misdiagnosis rate and case fatality rate. As an endemic infectious disease, melioidosis has the characteristics of wide distribution, difficult diagnosis, strong latency, strong pathogenicity, and difficult treatment. Therefore, this article aims to improve the attention of Chinese medical workers to melioidosis, and makes a detailed review from the five aspects of pathogenic characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and control measures of melioidosis. To understand the epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients with blood flow infection of paragangrene, and provide data support for the prevention and control of blood flow infection of paragangrene.
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