The horizons of hermeneutic discourse: to the methodological foundations of philosophical hermeneutics

The modern philosophical hermeneutics is considered as a methodological project and the final phase of the development of classical philosophy. Comparison is made with other theories claiming to be philosophical and general humanitarian methodology: semiotics, structuralism, etc. Hermeneutics as a theory of understanding and interpretation is studied in connection with modern requests for the construction of holistic theories representing a holistic world view, which is especially important for understanding cultural heritage and individual its components. The relationship of philosophical hermeneutics with the philosophy of language and the theoretical uncertainty of the most important elements of hermeneutic discourse are shown. It is rather problematic, although more productive, the connection between hermeneutics and metaphysics, in general – all metaphysical issues. If metaphysics is understood as the semantic core of philosophy representing and processing all the meanings available to man, then hermeneutics, by its very nature and purpose, must act as a function of interpretation and search of meaning in philosophy itself, in all philosophical theories without exception, which makes hermeneutics by definition the most universal philosophical methodology. This very radically distinguishes hermeneutics from the reductions of interpretation, from excessive schizentism, psychology, sociology, economism, and others like that. All attempts to clarify the philosophical meanings through various forms of human activity, «to put up» the philosophy of one of them failed. It hermeneutics is trying to clarify philosophy through its inherent open search for the truth of its not rest on the achieved, its constant self-renewal, and even self-denial. In considering the meaning we must one way or another take into account its two sides - the material form – the form of speech and speech and the mental – the form of human thought and personal meaning. An attempt to consider semantics only as a material structure, which can ...