Structural parameters assessment : damping, frequency and mode shapes monitoring in buildings : experimental approache ; Evaluation des paramètres physiques des bâtiments : amortissement, fréquence et modes de comportement des structures de génie civil : approche expérimentale

The knowledge and characterization of existing buildings is an issue that attracts the interest of many activities in recent years. The use of ambient vibrations allows an easy identification of the dynamic parameters of elastic structure, such as vibration frequencies, damping and mode shapes. The vibration frequency is easily observable through Fourier Transform of a recording at the top of the structure. As for the damping, it remains the least known and its physical origin remains unclear. In this study, we try to measure the frequency and damping over several buildings, to assess the stability and accuracy of measurements, especially in order to know precisely how far one can relate changes in modal parameters to changes in physical properties. We analyze the variations observed on studied buildings for periods varying from 1 month up to more than 1 year. These ongoing studies on at least one month will highlight the reversible changes of dynamic parameters of the structure, and put them in relation to external forcing. We observe diurnal variations on the frequency and damping in all the studied buildings. The relationship between these variations and other variations of a longer term, with the temperature differs from one building to another. The relationship between frequency and damping and the effect of Soil-Structure Interaction were studied. ; La connaissance et la caractérisation du bâti existant est une problématique attirant l'intérêt de nombreuses activités depuis quelques années. L'utilisation des vibrations ambiantes permet de connaître facilement les paramètres dynamiques élastiques de la structure, que sont les fréquences de vibration, les amortissements et les modes de déformations. La fréquence de vibration étant facilement observable par le calcul de la transformée de Fourier d'un enregistrement au sommet de la structure, l'amortissement quant à lui reste un des paramètres les moins bien connus et son origine physique reste imprécise. Dans cette étude, nous essayerons de mesurer la ...