نبذة مختصرة : From yeasts to human, Condensin is essential for mitotic chromosome condensation. However, how Condensin binds to chromatin and, in this context, shapes mitotic chromosome remain poorly understood. Mappings performed from yeasts to mouse have revealed that condensin is enriched near highly expressed genes along chromosome arms, suggesting that as yet identified features associated with transcription take part in condensin binding to chromatin. To identify factors that collaborate with Condensin we performed a synthetically lethal genetic screen in fission yeast. We searched for mutants that are alive when Condensin is fully functional but dead when Condensin is partly defective. We identified 7 proteins never known for their roles in the mitotic condensation, such as some chromatin remodelling and some transcription factors. All these results were consistent with a link between condensation and transcription. Among theses 7 proteins, we found Gcn5, which encodes a conserved HAT, well known for the role it plays as a transcriptional co-activator. Gcn5 binds to gene promoters where it acetylates mainly H3K9, K14 and K18, and its occupancy correlates with transcription rates. Remarkably, although the bulk of chromatin is de-acetylated and Gcn5 reduced from chromatin upon mitosis entry, traces of Gcn5 dependant H3K9 acetylated persist at condensin binding sites. Here, we provide evidence that Gcn5-mediated histone H3 K9 acetylation could assist the binding of Condensin to chromatin ; La condensation mitotique des chromosomes est l'un des mécanismes assurant la transmission fidèle de l'information génétique. Les complexes condensines et leur association à la chromatine sont nécessaires à cette condensation. Cependant, les mécanismes par lesquels ces complexes s'associent aux chromosomes et contribuent à leur condensation sont mal compris. L'objectif de ma thèse était d'identifier et de caractériser des facteurs de condensation encore inconnus collaborant avec le complexe condensine présent chez S. pombe. Par un ...
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