Contributors: Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS); Czech Academy of Sciences Prague (CAS); Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE); AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR); Queen's University Belfast (QUB); McGill University = Université McGill Montréal, Canada; University of Southern Denmark (SDU); Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR); Universidade Federal de Lavras = Federal University of Lavras (UFLA); Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters University of South Bohemia; University of South Bohemia; Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt; Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association; Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution Rennes (ECOBIO); Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR); Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut universitaire de France (IUF); Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.); European Commission - Joint Research Centre Ispra (JRC); Auburn University (AU); French National Research Agency French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-14-CE02-0021; BNP-Paribas Foundation Climate Initiative; AXA Research Fund Chair of Invasion Biology; BiodivERsA; Belmont-Forum call 2018 on biodiversity scenarios; Czech Academy of Sciences Czech Academy of Sciences 18-18495S, 19-28807X; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; AXA Research Fund Chair of Invasion Biology of University Paris Saclay; BiodivERsA-Belmont Forum Project \"Alien Scenarios\" BMBF/PT DLR 01LC1807C; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - Brasil (Capes) Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); BiodivERsA 'SICS' project ANR-20-EBI5-0004; French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor IPEV 136; long-term research network on biodiversity in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic ecosystems (Zone Atelier InEE-CNRS Antarctique et Terres Australes); Auburn University School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences; ANR-14-CE02-0021,InvaCosts,Insectes envahissants et leurs couts pour la biodiversité, l'économie et la santé humaine(2014); ANR-20-EBI5-0004,ASICS,ASsessing and mitigating the effects of climate change and biological Invasions on the spatial redistribution of biodiversity in Cold environmentS(2020)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; Biological invasions are one of the main threats to biodiversity within protected areas (PAs) worldwide. Meanwhile, the resilience of PAs to invasions remains largely unknown. Consequently, providing a better understanding of how they are impacted by invasions is critical for informing policy responses and optimally allocating resources to prevention and control strategies. Here we use the InvaCost database to address this gap from three perspectives: (i) characterizing the total reported costs of invasive alien species (IAS) in PAs; (ii) comparing mean observed costs of IAS in PAs and non-PAs; and (iii) evaluating factors affecting mean observed costs of IAS in PAs. Our results first show that, overall, the reported economic costs of IAS in PAs amounted to US dollar 22.24 billion between 1975 and 2020, of which US$ 930.61 million were observed costs (already incurred) and US dollar 21.31 billion were potential costs (extrapolated or predicted). Expectedly, most of the observed costs were reported for management (73%) but damages were still much higher than expected for PAs (24%); in addition, the vast majority of management costs were reported for reactive, post-invasion actions (84% of management costs, focused on eradication and control). Second, differences between costs in PAs and non-PAs varied among continents and environments. We found significantly higher IAS costs in terrestrial PA environments compared to non-PAs, while regionally, Europe incurred higher costs in PAs and Africa and Temperate Asia incurred higher costs in non-PAs. Third, characterization of drivers of IAS costs within PAs showed an effect of environments (higher costs in terrestrial environments), continents (higher in Africa and South America), taxa (higher in invertebrates and vertebrates than plants) and Human Development Index (higher in more developed countries). Globally, our findings indicate that, counterintuitively, PAs are subject to very high costs from biological invasions. This highlights the need ...
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