Estudo do perfil metabólico no exercício físico e no envelhecimento: uma abordagem metabolômica integrada à modulação autonômica cardíaca ; Study of the metabolic profile in physical exercise and aging: an integrated metabolomics approach to cardiac autonomic modulation

Physical exercise and aging are natural stressors with antagonistic outcomes in the human body. Such outcomes are phenotypically reflected in metabolism, which can be studied through metabolomics. The latter allows the study of oxylipins (lipid metabolites that have important relationships with physical exercise outcomes) and the comprehensive integration of metabolism with other components related to systemic integrity, such as cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), helping to understand the integrated outcomes provided by aging. A better understanding of these stressors through the use of metabolomics and integrative analysis can help in the development of more efficient health promotion strategies for the general population. Thus, Study 1 was a systematic review of the literature and sought to investigate the responses of oxylipins related to the short- and long-term effects of physical exercise through their enzymatic pathways and to provide information about the potential physiological effects. After the search and selection, only 9 studies out of 1,749 documents were included due to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, seven emphasized short-term effects, while two evaluated long-term effects on the oxylipin profile. In conclusion, several oxylipins with biomodulatory functions mainly related to inflammation, cardiovascular function, and tissue adaptation and regeneration, were mobilized especially as a consequence of the short-term effects of physical exercise, under the influence of the intensity and duration of physical exercise. The long-term effects of physical exercise on the levels of different oxylipins were minimal and related to different functions. Study 2 investigated, in an integrated manner, the timecourse of variables of the human metabolome and variables related to CAM and CRF in aging, in different age groups considering apparently healthy individuals. The individuals aged 20 to 70 years were divided into five age groups (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, ...