Concepts and types of international banks. ; Понятие и виды международных банков ; Поняття та види міжнародних банків

The article focuses on the analysis of international legal nature of international banks, on the definition of international banks and their types. Highlighting the role of banks as one of the main actors of the international financial system, scientists have not yet given the definition of the term "international banks". In their turn, including the word "bank" in their names, international financial organizations do not give the concept of this legal term in their statutes. We believe that for the definition of the term “international banks” it is necessary, first of all, to determine their international legal nature and their place among the subjects of the international law. In their international legal nature and place among the subjects of the international law international banks are international organizations, and according to their type – international economic and financial organizations. International banks have all the characteristics of international organizations, and along with this they have certain characteristics. The statutes of the international banks determine the purpose of their creation and basic functions. It is the identification and analysis of the purposes of creation of international organizations that is a priority for the definition of international banks and their allocation among other international organizations. Analyzing the statutes of international banks it is possible to distinguish two main directions of the activity of international banks which have led to the establishing of two groups of goals of international banks. The first direction is shared with the main functions, which are inherent in the international economic and financial organizations. This is economic development, economic cooperation and integration in the region, economic progress and reconstruction, and investments. The other direction is providing of specific financial services which are loans, guarantees or participation in loans, the promotion and encouragement of the development of capital markets, ...