نبذة مختصرة : Health Impact Assessment (HIA) associated to air pollution requires a quantified knowledge of population exposure. This exposure may be measured or estimated, individually or collectively. From a collective point of view, several approaches allow a spatial estimation of population exposure: 1) a so called “deterministic” approach which transforms emissions derived from inventories into atmospheric concentrations, 2) a so called “probabilistic” approach which consists in spatializing concentrations obtained from an air quality monitoring network, with geostatistical techniques. Despite their respective uncertainties, the relevance of both approaches depends on the objective of the HIA. To predict health benefits attributable to regulatory norms limitating traffic emissions, these approaches have to be combined. Geostatistics allow this integration and give access to an estimate of the uncertainty associated to the spatial estimation of the pollutant. The goal of the present work is to evaluate the feasibility of such a combination of approaches for the spatial estimation of population exposure to PM10 annual means in France in 2000. It is coming from a study about health impact assessment of air pollution attributable to road traffic in urban areas in 2000 and 2010, with a focus on children. This study has been realized in the framework of the UNECE-WHO Pan European Program for Transport, Health and Environment (THE PEP Project): “Transport-related health impacts and their costs and benefits with a particular focus on children“.Advantages and drawbacks of the existing methodologies for air pollution mapping dedicated to population exposure are first discussed. Then, the case study and the main steps of a geostatistical approach are presented, together with the results obtained in terms of PM10 mapping and population exposure in 2000. ; L’évaluation des impacts sanitaires liés à la pollution atmosphérique requiert la connaissance quantifiée de l’exposition des populations. Cette exposition peut être mesurée ou ...
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