نبذة مختصرة : The market for flexible transparent optoelectronic devices (displays, touch screens, solar cells, etc.) is expanding rapidly. Traditionally indium tin oxide (ITO) is used as a transparent conductive layer material, but its high mechanical fragility coupled with an uncertain future availability of indium (material classified as critical by the European Commission) requires alternatives material to be found. Metal nanowires, especially silver-based, are among the most advanced developments with excellent optoelectronic performances, as well as simple processing and printing techniques compatible with flexible substrates. At the dawn of a probable massive use of this nanomaterial, questions are emerging regarding to their potential toxicity, in particular because of their shape factor reminiscent of that of asbestos. This thesis is based on three axes: synthesis, properties and toxicity. The optimization of the polyol process for the synthesis of silver nanowires led to the independent control of dimensions (diameter and length). The determination of the optoelectronic performances allowed to determine the targeted performances, by identifying the morphologies adapted to each field of application. Since dermal contact and inhalation were identified as the main routes of exposure for silver nanowires during their implementation, toxicity studies on fibroblasts and macrophages were conducted. This allowed the identification of different biological mechanisms according to nanowire morphology but also according to cell type. These nanowires appear to have a low toxicity, especially when compared to other known nanomaterials. This "safer by design" approach makes possible to orient the selection of the safer nanowires according to the required performances of targeted application. ; Le marché des dispositifs optoélectroniques (écrans, capteurs tactiles, cellules solaires…) transparents flexibles est en pleine expansion. Traditionnellement l’oxyde d’indium-étain (ITO) est utilisé comme électrode transparente, mais son ...
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