Nature-Based Solutions for climate adaptation in Brazil: a study of vulnerable coastal cities ; Soluciones Basadas en la naturaleza para la adaptación al clima en Brasil: estudio de ciudades costeras vulnerables ; Soluções Baseadas na Natureza e adaptação climática no Brasil: estudo de cidades costeiras vulneráveis

Brazilian coastal cities have been suffering risks due to climatic events, and the rapid urban development aggravates this scenario of human and environmental losses. The first major boost to climate adaptation strategies in planning was the development of the National Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change, which guides the integration of land use and occupation with environmental preservation and prevention of natural disaster risks. In this context of urban vulnerability to extreme events, Nature-based Solutions (SbN), highlighting adaptation measures based on ecosystems that strengthen urban resilience, and are gaining prominence for their multiple benefits; they use ecosystem conservation and restoration to provide environmental services and enable natural defenses against floods and landslides. Brazilian coastal cities such as Salvador, Recife, Rio de Janeiro and Santos are considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change, and have been developing adaptation actions and vulnerability indices that we analyze in this article. In the case of Santos, in the State of São Paulo, in its Climate Change Plan, it was proposed for the urban area of Monte Serrat a nature-based adaptation project to expand the Atlantic Forest remnants with the participation of the local community. It was concluded that there is great potential for nature-based solutions - SbN, and in particular EbA measures in coastal cities that are more vulnerable to climate risks, but there are still few concrete actions implemented to increase population safety and environmental recovery. With the evolution of climate adaptation in Brazil, there is an urgent demand for forecasts and identification of climate risks at a local scale, and for EbA actions to expand risk prevention. This requires greater dissemination of technical-scientific knowledge on climate vulnerability, exchange with global networks on urban resilience and greater investment in EbA actions in the context of climate adaptation. ; Las ciudades costeras brasileñas vienen ...