Universal human habitat. Basic principles

Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities were adopted in 1993 by the United Nations. They have been valid since then. The number of disabled and elderly people is ever growing due to injuries, accidents, environmental problems, deterioration of health, population aging and demographic disorders. The term "universal habitat" reads as "universal design" worldwide. The concept of "universal design" was developed by Ronald Mace, American architect, in the 80ies of the twentieth century. The idea was picked up in Japan and several European countries, especially in product design and architecture. Universal design is a logical development of principles of the barrier-free environment. Universal design emerged in the late 20th century. The universal design is friendly in respect of all people without restriction. The article describes basic principles of universal design, including its equitable use, flexibility in use, simplicity and intuitive nature, perceptivity, low physical effort, size and space.