Contributors: Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL); Laboratoire de Bioinformatique pour la Génomique et la Biodiversité (LBGB); Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030); Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage Evry (GENOSCOPE); Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage Evry (GENOSCOPE); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute; U.S Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy Washington (DOE)-U.S. Department of Energy Washington (DOE); Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD); China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Synthet & Syst Biol Unit; Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA); CNR, Ist Protez Piante; UOS Torino; Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Protein Engineering, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences; Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR); Dept Life Sci, Biochem & Mol Biol Unit, Lab Funct Genom & Prot Engn; Joint Genome Institute; United States Department of Energy; Plant Genetics Institute; National Research Council of Italy; Department of Energy / Joint Genome Institute (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Dipartimento Protez & Valorizzaz Agroalimentare; Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna = University of Bologna (UNIBO); Institut de génétique et microbiologie Orsay (IGM); Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante; Agroécologie Dijon; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC); IPF – Integrative Fungal Research; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main; Institut für biologie und biotechnologie der pflanzen; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU); Unité associée de biologie forestière; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA); Institute of Microbiology of the CAS; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology; Oregon State University (OSU); Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Health Science Center; Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale; Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO); French National Research Agency through the project SYSTRUF ANR-14-CE06-0020, ANR-09-STRA-10; French National Research Agency through the project SYMWOOD (Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems) ANR-11-LABX 0002 01; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy DE-AC02-05CH11231; France Genomique ANR-10-INBS-09; Region Lorraine Research Council; European Commission (European Regional Development Fund); University of Parma; Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnologies; Piedmont Region; Czech Science Foundation 16-08916S; German Research Foundation NO407/7-1; Department of General and Molecular Botany; ANR-14-CE06-0020,FUNTUNE,Cocktails enzymatiques inspirés de modèles fongiques pour la déconstruction contrôlée de la biomasse végétale(2014); ANR-10-STRA-0010,COMANCHE,Interactions écosystémiques et impacts anthropiques dans les populations de Coquilles St-Jacques de la Manche(2010); ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011); ANR-10-INBS-0009,France Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; Tuberaceae is one of the most diverse lineages of symbiotic truffle-forming fungi.To understand the molecular underpinning of the ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle, we compared the genomes of Piedmont white truffle (Tuber magnatum), Périgord black truffle (Tuber melanosporum), Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum), pig truffle (Choiromyces venosus) and desert truffle (Terfezia boudieri) to saprotrophic Pezizomycetes. Reconstructed gene duplication/loss histories along a time-calibrated phylogeny of Ascomycetes revealed that Tuberaceae-specific traits may be related to a higher gene diversification rate.Genomic features in Tuber species appear to be very similar, with high transposon content, few genes coding lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, a substantial set of lineage-specific fruiting-body-upregulated genes and high expression of genes involved in volatile organic compound metabolism.Developmental and metabolic pathways expressed in ectomycorrhizae and fruiting bodies of T. magnatum and T. melanosporum are unexpectedly very similar, owing to the fact that they diverged ~100 Ma. Volatile organic compounds from pungent truffle odours are not the products of Tuber-specific gene innovations, but rely on the differential expression of an existing gene repertoire.These genomic resources will help to address fundamental questions in the evolution of the truffle lifestyle and the ecology of fungi that have been praised as food delicacies for centuries.
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