Contributors: Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science (CCAPS); Cornell University New York; Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD); Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL); Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL); Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL); Aeolis Research; Space Science Institute Boulder (SSI); Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD (APL); Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO); Centro de Astrobiologia Madrid (CAB); Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas España = Spanish National Research Council Spain (CSIC); Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP); Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut universitaire de France (IUF); Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.); Royal Observatory of Belgium = Observatoire Royal de Belgique (ROB); School of Earth Sciences Bristol; University of Bristol Bristol; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH); DLR Institut für Planetenforschung; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Berlin (DLR); Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering London (DEEE); Imperial College London; Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Vancouver (UBC EOAS); University of British Columbia (UBC); PLANETO - LATMOS; Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS); Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); School of Physical Sciences Milton Keynes; Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Milton Keynes; The Open University Milton Keynes (OU)-The Open University Milton Keynes (OU); Institute of Geophysics ETH Zürich; Department of Earth Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich (D-ERDW); Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich); Department of Physics Oxford; University of Oxford; Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences Providence; Brown University; Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329); Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur; Université Côte d'Azur (UniCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UniCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud ); Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR 6112 (LPG); Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST); Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Baltimore; Johns Hopkins University (JHU); Center for Earth and Planetary Studies Washington (CEPS); Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum; Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution; Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences Los Angeles (EPSS); University of California Los Angeles (UCLA); University of California (UC)-University of California (UC); ANR-14-CE36-0012,SEISMARS,Seismology on Mars(2014); ANR-19-CE31-0008,MAGIS,MArs Geophysical InSight(2019)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; The atmosphere of Mars is thin, although rich in dust aerosols, and covers a dry surface. As such, Mars provides an opportunity to expand our knowledge of atmospheres beyond that attainable from the atmosphere of the Earth. The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander is measuring Mars’s atmosphere with unprecedented continuity, accuracy and sampling frequency. Here we show that InSight unveils new atmospheric phenomena at Mars, especially in the higher-frequency range, and extends our understanding of Mars’s meteorology at all scales. InSight is uniquely sensitive to large-scale and regional weather and obtained detailed in situ coverage of a regional dust storm on Mars. Images have enabled high-altitude wind speeds to be measured and revealed airglow—faint emissions produced by photochemical reactions—in the middle atmosphere. InSight observations show a paradox of aeolian science on Mars: despite having the largest recorded Martian vortex activity and dust-devil tracks close to the lander, no visible dust devils have been seen. Meteorological measurements have produced a catalogue of atmospheric gravity waves, which included bores (soliton-like waves). From these measurements, we have discovered Martian infrasound and unexpected similarities between atmospheric turbulence on Earth and Mars. We suggest that the observations of Mars’s atmosphere by InSight will be key for prediction capabilities and future exploration.
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