Carbon nanotube-based bioelectrodes for Glucose/O2 biofuel cells ; Elaboration de bioélectrodes à base de nanotubes de carbone pour la réalisation de biopiles enzymatiques Glucose/02

This work focuses on the optimization of the electrical wiring of glucose oxidizing and dioxygen reducing enzymes on carbon nanotube (CNT) matrixes for glucose biofuel cells.In the first part, glucose oxidase (GOx) mediated electron transfer (MET) is optimized in nanostructured CNTs matrixes by mechanical compression of a CNTs/GOx composite containing 1,4-naphtoquinone as redox mediator. This bioanode was then combined with MCOs (laccase and tyrosinase) based biocathodes. The GOx-NQ/Lac biofuel cell was able to deliver a maximum power density of 1.5 mW.cm-2. The use of this biofuel cell in short/long time discharge and in storage has also been studied. The second part presents the preparation of another bioanode based on the indirect wiring of a NAD+-dependant glucose dehydrogenase (GDH-NAD+) as an alternative for glucose oxidation. The GDH-NAD+ has been combined with an NADH oxidation catalyst by two different techniques. The first one involves the encapsulation of the protein in the metallopolymer redox film, whereas the second one relies on the supramolecular modification of the CNTs by the molecular catalyst and the enzyme. Both bioanodes showed good catalytic properties toward glucose oxidation in presence of NAD+ with respectively 1.04 mA cm-2 and 6 mA cm-2. The latter has been combined with a BOD based biocathode to form a biofuel cell exhibiting maximum power densities of 140 µW cm-2. The last part of this work focuses on the design of a bienzymatic biocathode for O2 reduction. The DET of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was first investigated and optimized by modification of the CNTs with pyrenes derivatives. The combination of the HRP with the GOx on the same electrode enables an efficient reduction of O2 in a 2-step process. The biocathode could exhibit maximum currents densities of 200 µA cm-2. This cathode along with the previous GDH bioanode formed a biofuel cell functional in physiological conditions and 10 mM NAD+ showing maximum power densities of 57 µW cm-2. ; Ce mémoire est consacré à ...