The Mechanism and Some Controversies of SGLT2 Inhibitor Protects the Cardiovascular System

SGLT2 inhibitor, a kind of hypoglycemic drug, whose mechanism is to suppress glucose reabsorption in proximal renal tubules in the kidney to promote the excretion of glucose, has been demonstrated to have a positive effect on our cardiovascular system and reduce the risk of suffering from cardiovascular events. In this review, we will focus on four aspects to elaborate on its mechanism. First: diuresis and electrolytes, second: blood pressure, hormone, and nerve, third: regulating lipid metabolism, and the last: the direct effect on cardiomyocytes. This paper presents some puzzles of different mechanisms, aiming for waiting to be answered in later research.