Electrode Potentials Part 2: Nonaqueous and Solid-State Systems

This comprehensive paper, Electrode Potentials Part 2, is a continuation of Electrode Potentials Part 1: Fundamentals and Aqueous Systems. Determining the electrode potential is crucial for understanding the nature of the electrochemical properties of materials or systems; however, an accurate evaluation of the potential of a target electrode has always been a challenge. The electrode potential can be used to predict the reaction mechanisms in electrochemistry and can be directly applied to the study of electrochemical applications. This paper introduces the methodologies and strategies for measuring electrode potentials in nonaqueous and solid-state electrolytes, including organic solvent electrolytes, ionic liquid electrolytes, and oxide and sulfide solid electrolytes. Experimental details are described for basic to state-of-the-art strategies, focusing on practical methods and know-how.