Gene Therapy Approaches in HIV Treatment

The search for a cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been a persistent challenge in global health. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the prognosis for individuals living with HIV, the need for lifelong treatment and the presence of viral reservoirs and drug resistance necessitate innovative approaches. Gene therapy has emerged as a promising avenue in HIV treatment, utilizing genetic modification to address the complexities of the virus. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of gene therapy approaches in HIV treatment. It explores the fundamental principles and techniques of gene therapy and highlights the specific challenges posed by HIV. Various gene therapy strategies, including gene editing technologies and gene transfer methods, are discussed in detail, along with their potential advantages and limitations. Safety, efficacy, and ethical considerations in gene therapy for HIV are also examined. The chapter concludes with a glimpse into the future of gene therapy in HIV treatment, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and continued research. This chapter aims to inspire further exploration and harnessing of gene therapy’s transformative potential in the quest for an HIV cure.