Study of Condensin role in the regulation of gene expression in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Etude du rôle de Condensine dans le contrôle de l'expression génique chez la levure Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Condensin is a genome organiser that shape chromosomes and promote their accurate transmission in anaphase. Several studies have related changes in RNA level when Condensin is defective, suggesting that the complex has also a role in gene expression. However, the mechanisms have remained enigmatic and we still don’t know to what extent it is related to its role in chromosome organization. During my thesis, I studied the role played by Condensin in the regulation of gene expression using S. pombe as a model system. In contrast to previous studies, my results provide compelling evidence that Condensin plays no direct role in the maintenance of the transcriptome, neither during interphase nor during mitosis in this yeast. Accordingly to previous studies, I observed changes in RNA level in cells mutated for Condensin; non coding and 3’ extended RNA accumulate. However, I showed that the changes in gene expression in post-mitotic fission yeast cells that result from Condensin inactivation are largely a consequence of chromosome missegregation during anaphase, which notably depletes the RNA-exosome from daughter cells. Crucially, preventing karyotype abnormalities in daughter cells restores a normal transcriptome despite Condensin inactivation. Thus, chromosome instability, rather than a direct role of Condensin in the transcription process, changes gene expression. This work challenges the concept of gene regulation by canonical Condensin complexes and ask for caution when studying Condensin role outside chromosome condensation in mitosis. ; Condensine est un complexe protéique organisateur du génome qui conduit l’assemblage des chromosomes et promeut leur transmission fidèle en anaphase. De nombreuses études ont rapporté des changements dans les niveaux des ARNs cellulaires quand Condensine est défaillante, suggérant un rôle pour Condensine dans la régulation de l’expression génique. Cependant, les mécanismes sous-jacents sont demeurés énigmatiques, et l’on ignore dans quelle mesure le rôle joué par Condensine dans ...