Contributors: Zappasodi, Patrizia; Cattaneo, Chiara; Valeria Ferretti, Virginia; Mina, Roberto; José María Ferreri, André; Merli, Francesco; Oberti, Margherita; Krampera, Mauro; Romano, Alessandra; Zerbi, Caterina; Ferrari, Jacqueline; Cavo, Michele; Salvini, Marco; Bertù, Lorenza; Stefano Fracchiolla, Nicola; Marchesi, Francesco; Massaia, Massimo; Marasco, Vincenzo; Cairoli, Roberto; Maria Scattolin, Anna; Maria Vannucchi, Alessandro; Gambacorti-Passerini, Carlo; Musto, Pellegrino; Gherlinzoni, Filippo; Cuneo, Antonio; Pinto, Antonello; Trentin, Livio; Bocchia, Monica; Galimberti, Sara; Coviello, Elisa; Chiara Tisi, Maria; Morotti, Alessandro; Falini, Brunangelo; Turrini, Mauro; Tafuri, Agostino; Billio, Atto; Gentile, Massimo; Massimo Lemoli, Roberto; Venditti, Adriano; Giovanni Della Porta, Matteo; Lanza, Francesco; Rigacci, Luigi; Tosi, Patrizia; Mohamed, Sara; Corso, Alessandro; Luppi, Mario; Giuliani, Nicola; Busca, Alessandro; Pagano, Livio; Bruno, Raffaele; Grossi, Paolo Antonio; Corradini, Paolo; Passamonti, Francesco; Arcaini, Luca
نبذة مختصرة : The impact of secondary infections (SI) on COVID-19 outcome in patients with hematological malignancies (HM) is scarcely documented. To evaluate incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of SI, we analyzed the microbiologically documented SI in a large multicenter cohort of adult HM patients with COVID-19. Among 1741 HM patients with COVID-19, 134 (7.7%) had 185 SI, with a 1-month cumulative incidence of 5%. Median time between COVID-19 diagnosis and SI was 16 days (IQR: 5-36). Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and lymphoma/plasma cell neoplasms (PCN) were more frequent diagnoses in SI patients compared to patients without SI (AML: 14.9% vs. 7.1%; lymphoma/PCN 71.7% vs. 65.3%). Patients with SI were older (median age 70 vs. 66 years, p = 0.002), with more comorbidities (median Charlson Comorbidity Index 5 vs. 4, p < 0.001), higher frequency of critical COVID-19 (19.5% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.046), and more frequently not in complete remission (75% vs. 64.7% p = 0.024). Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage were the main sites of isolation for SI. Etiology of infections was bacterial in 80% (n = 148) of cases, mycotic in 9.7% (n = 18) and viral in 10.3% (n = 19); polymicrobial infections were observed in 24 patients (18%). Escherichia coli represented most of Gram-negative isolates (18.9%), while coagulase-negative Staphylococci were the most frequent among Gram-positive (14.2%). The 30-day mortality of patients with SI was higher when compared to patients without SI (69% vs. 15%, p < 0.001). The occurrence of SI worsened COVID-19 outcome in HM patients. Timely diagnosis and adequate management should be considered to improve their prognosis.
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