Optimized Phase Change Material-Enhanced Lime Renders for Energy-Efficient Building Envelopes: Thermal and Durability Characterization

The construction sector's substantial contribution to global energy consumption and carbon emissions necessitates the development of innovative, sustainable building materials (PachecoTorgal et al., 2014; UN Environment Programme, 2019; Fei et al., 2021). Lime mortars, traditionally used as renders for building envelopes, are experiencing renewed interest due to their low environmental impact and compatibility with heritage conservation (Campo and Grosso, 2022; Manoharan and Umarani, 2022; Rodriguez-Navarro et al., 2023). This research focuses on the optimization of lime renders through the incorporation of microencapsulated Phase Change Materials (PCMs), specifically PCM24 and PCM18, which exhibit melting temperatures of 24°C and 18°C, respectively. These PCMs are designed to enhance thermal regulation in different climatic zones by storing and releasing heat at temperatures critical to building comfort (Saffari et al., 2017; Li et al., 2021). The optimized lime renders were formulated with the simultaneous addition of a superplasticizer, an adhesion booster, and a pozzolanic agent, ensuring improved workability, adhesion, and durability, key factors for their application in building envelopes. This study emphasizes the need to not only improve the energy efficiency of the material but also ensure its long-term durability, as sustainable construction requires materials that maintain performance over extended periods (Cunha, Aguiar and Ferreira, 2017).