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The avian W chromosome is a refugium for endogenous retroviruses with likely effects on female-biased mutational load and genetic incompatibilities

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  • معلومة اضافية
    • الموضوع:
      2021
    • Collection:
      University of East Anglia: UEA Digital Repository
    • نبذة مختصرة :
      It is a broadly observed pattern that the non-recombining regions of sex-limited chromosomes (Y and W) accumulate more repeats than the rest of the genome, even in species like birds with a low genome-wide repeat content. Here, we show that in birds with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the W chromosome has a transposable element (TE) density of greater than 55% compared to the genome-wide density of less than 10%, and contains over half of all full-length (thus potentially active) endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) of the entire genome. Using RNA-seq and protein mass spectrometry data, we were able to detect signatures of female-specific ERV expression. We hypothesize that the avian W chromosome acts as a refugium for active ERVs, probably leading to female-biased mutational load that may influence female physiology similar to the ‘toxic-Y’ effect in Drosophila males. Furthermore, Haldane's rule predicts that the heterogametic sex has reduced fertility in hybrids. We propose that the excess of W-linked active ERVs over the rest of the genome may be an additional explanatory variable for Haldane's rule, with consequences for genetic incompatibilities between species through TE/repressor mismatches in hybrids. Together, our results suggest that the sequence content of female-specific W chromosomes can have effects far beyond sex determination and gene dosage.
    • File Description:
      application/pdf
    • Relation:
      https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/80904/1/Published_Version.pdf; Peona, Valentina, Palacios-Gimenez, Octavio M., Blommaert, Julie, Liu, Jing, Haryoko, Tri, Jønsson, Knud A., Irestedt, Martin, Zhou, Qi, Jern, Patric and Suh, Alexander (2021) The avian W chromosome is a refugium for endogenous retroviruses with likely effects on female-biased mutational load and genetic incompatibilities. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 376 (1833). ISSN 0962-8436
    • الرقم المعرف:
      10.1098/rstb.2020.0186
    • الدخول الالكتروني :
      https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/80904/
      https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/80904/1/Published_Version.pdf
      https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0186
    • Rights:
      cc_by
    • الرقم المعرف:
      edsbas.D84CBC73