نبذة مختصرة : Las glutatión S-transferasas (GST) representan una super familia de enzimas presentes en todos los organismos aerobios. Existen tres familias principales que se encuentran ampliamente distribuidas en la naturaleza y se clasifican en citosólicas, mitocondriales y microsomales de acuerdo con su localización en la célula. Existen polimorfismos en los genes de estas enzimas los cuales se han encontrado asociados con enfermedades como el asma bajo los efectos de los contaminantes ambientales. La distribución de la frecuencia de estos polimorfismos varía en las distintas poblaciones y por ende la susceptibilidad de los individuos frente a las enfermedades relacionadas con ellos. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de los polimorfismos en las GST y su relación con enfermedades de tipo respiratorio, se hace una revisión teórica actualizada acerca de las propiedades y funciones de estas enzimas, descripción de los polimorfismos genéticos y metodologías usadas para su genotipificación, así como la participación de los mismos en la patogénesis del asma. ; Glutathione S-transferases (GST) represent a super family of enzymes present in all aerobic organisms. There are three main families that are widely distributed in nature and are classified as cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal according to their location in the cell. There are polymorphisms in the genes of these enzymes which have been found associated with diseases such as asthma under the effects of environmental pollutants. The frequency distribution of these polymorphisms varies in different populations and therefore the susceptibility of individuals to diseases related to them. Taking into account the importance of polymorphisms in GSTs and their relationship with respiratory diseases, an updated theoretical review is made about the properties and functions of these enzymes, description of the genetic polymorphisms and methodologies used for their genotyping, as well as their participation in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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