Personality predictors of dementia diagnosis and neuropathological burden: An individual participant data meta‐analysis

INTRODUCTION The extent to which the Big Five personality traits and subjective well‐being (SWB) are discriminatory predictors of clinical manifestation of dementia versus dementia‐related neuropathology is unclear. METHODS Using data from eight independent studies ( N total = 44,531; N dementia = 1703; baseline M age = 49 to 81 years, 26 to 61% female; M follow‐up range = 3.53 to 21.00 years), Bayesian multilevel models tested whether personality traits and SWB differentially predicted neuropsychological and neuropathological characteristics of dementia. RESULTS Synthesized and individual study results indicate that high neuroticism and negative affect and low conscientiousness, extraversion, and positive affect were associated with increased risk of long‐term dementia diagnosis. There were no consistent associations with neuropathology. DISCUSSION This multistudy project provides robust, conceptually replicated and extended evidence that psychosocial factors are strong predictors of dementia diagnosis but not consistently associated with neuropathology at autopsy. Highlights N(+), C(−), E(−), PA(−), and NA(+) were associated with incident diagnosis. Results were consistent despite self‐report versus clinical diagnosis of dementia. Psychological factors were not associated with neuropathology at autopsy. Individuals with higher conscientiousness and no diagnosis had less neuropathology. High C individuals may withstand neuropathology for longer before death.