Porosity and permeability prediction through forward stratigraphic simulations using GPM™ and Petrel™: application in shallow marine depositional settings

The forward stratigraphic simulation approach is applied to predict porosity and permeability distribution. Synthetic well logs from the forward stratigraphic model served as secondary data to control porosity and permeability representation in the reservoir model. Building a reservoir model that fits data at different locations comes with high levels of uncertainty. Therefore, it is critical to generate an appropriate stratigraphic framework to guide lithofacies and associated porosity–permeability simulation. The workflow adopted for this task consists of three parts: first, there is simulation of 20 scenarios of sediment transportation and deposition using the geological process modelling (GPM™) software developed by Schlumberger. Secondly, there is an estimation of the extent and proportion of lithofacies units in the stratigraphic model using the property calculator tool in Petrel™. Finally, porosity and permeability values are assigned to corresponding lithofacies units in the forward stratigraphic model to produce a forward stratigraphic-based porosity and permeability model. Results show a forward stratigraphic-based lithofacies model, which depends on sediment diffusion rate, sea-level variation, sediment movement, wave processes, and tectonic events. This observation is consistent with the natural occurrence, where variations in sea level, sediment supply, and accommodation control stratigraphic sequences and therefore facies distribution in a geological basin. Validation wells VP1 and VP2 showed a notable match after a comparing the original and forward stratigraphic-based porosity models. However, a significant discrepancy is recorded in the permeability estimates. These results suggest that the forward stratigraphic modelling approach can be a practical addition to geostatistical-based workflows for realistic prediction of porosity and permeability.