Study on preparation of cattle bone collagen peptides-calcium chelate and its anti-osteoporosis activity

Cattle is one of the most important livestock resources globally. In 2019, the global production of beef was about 62.9 million tons, and collagen-rich bovine bones, skins, and tendons yield was up to 31.4 million tons. Protein content in cattle bone is 13.68–26.14 g/100 g (dry matter). In the EU, cattle bones have long been considered waste generated by the slaughterhouse industry and are typically disposed of in landfills or rendering plants. From economic, environmental protection, and human health perspectives, the high-value utilization of cattle bone resources is of great significance. Steam explosion has attracted attention as a method for extracting active ingredients from animal bone, due to its advantages of lower cost, lower energy usage, and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, the bioactivities of peptides-metal chelate, especially collagen peptides-calcium chelate (CPs-Ca), are poorly reported in vitro and in vivo. The objectives were: (1) to determinate the composition of cattle bone, (2) to extract collagen peptides using an eco-friendly steam explosion method, (3) to prepare collagen peptide-calcium chelate and analyze its structural characteristics and digestive stability in vitro, and (4) to evaluate its anti-osteoporotic activity through cell experiment (MC3T3-E1, mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells) and rat animal experiment. First, 143 cattle bones were collected from eight provinces in China: Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Tibet, Sichuan, and Jilin. Sample species included yak and yellow cattle. The protein content, fat content, and elemental profile of cattle bone were determined. Sampling site included marrow bone, spine, and rib. Geographical origin and species did not show significant effect on protein content. Yak bone showed higher fat content that of yellow cattle bone. There were significant differences of protein content and fat content in different sampling sites. Meanwhile, to regulate the bone products market, the geographical origin and species of ...