Contribution to the knowledge of the wetlands of the Lesser Antilles: the example of the ponds of Martinique ; Contribution à la connaissance des milieux humides des Petites Antilles : l'exemple des mares de la Martinique

Our thesis focuses on the study of the ponds of Martinique. Formerly, they were dug and maintained to meet needs for domestic and agricultural uses. Faced with anthropization, these freshwater wetlands are in constant decline and are today threatened and/or degraded. The influence and current evolution of these lentic ecosystems in a landscape strongly anthropogenic are an important environmental issue both at the level of the biodiversity. This places them at the heart of the issues of preservation and conservation. We opted for a multidisciplinary approach integrating ecology in order to to provide answers to these issues related to these aquatic biotopes. Physicochemical factors will not be considered in this research. The first step of this work is to identify ponds using cartographic documents and a field survey which allows to describe their main characteristics (geomorphology, hydrology and vegetation). These inventories will be used to establish a 1/25000e scale map– to geographical reference: WGS_1984_UTM_20N of the Pool distribution using QGIS software version 3.10.5.The first results obtained by a cartographic census (map 1/25000e) reveal a approximate figure of about 600 ponds on an area of 1128 km2. The pond stands out by its area between 1 m2and 5000 m2. The second phase focuses on diversity; These habitats are mainly home to invasive alien species. The inventory eight species have been identified. These two steps will make it possible to operation of ponds, to establish a typology and to make a map of the distribution ponds. It was not the loss of utility that led to the disappearance of these pools, but rather the ignorance of their roles in our environment ; Notre thèse porte sur l’étude des mares de la Martinique. Autrefois, elles ont été creusées et entretenues pour répondre à des besoins à des usages domestiques et agricoles. Face à l’anthropisation, ces milieux humides d’eau douce sont en constante diminution et sont aujourd’hui menacés et/ou dégradés. L’influence et l’évolution actuelle de ...