Carbon‐Derived Supports for Palladium Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Carbon‐Carbon Bonds Formation

The review considers the variety allotropes of carbon to be used as supports for palladium and investigation of the resulting catalysts for carbon‐carbon forming reactions with focus on the catalyst recovery and effect of the solvent, base and catalyst loading in the efficiency of reactions. Specially, carbon nanotubes, C60 and graphene allowed the covalent functionalization with different ligands for palladium facilitating a lower leaching. Magnetic iron nanoparticles can be easily covered by charcoal, graphene oxide and carbon quantum dots facilitating the recovery of the supported catalyst. These heterogeneous catalysts are able to activate even aryl chlorides in cross‐coupling reactions such as Suzuki‐Miyaura, Mizoroki‐Heck and Sonogashira‐Hagihara in organic but also in aqueous media. All these features favoured the applicability of the materials for industrial processes. ; The authors are grateful to Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council and Iran National Science Foundation (INSF-Grant number of 97021804) for support of this work. C. Nájera is also thankful to the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU) (projects CTQ2016-76782-P and CTQ2016-81797-REDC), the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/017) and the University of Alicante for financial support.