From inequality to the democratization of access to University: examples of Public and Educational Policies in Brazil ; De la desigualdad a la democratización del acceso a la Universidad: políticas públicas y educacionales en Brasil ; Da desigualdade à democratização do acesso à Universidade: políticas públicas e educacionais no Brasil

Access to higher education in Brazil has historically only been open to an elite group and thus rendered inaccessible to most of the country’s youth. This scenario can be explained by the power of the slavocracy order that marked the formation of Brazilian society, as well as the belated implementation of higher education programs which, in turn, were aimed almost exclusively at the education of members of elite patriarchal families. The data we discuss in this chapter are the result of two national research projects. The first one, coordinated by the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and called “Affirmative Actions: Teaching, Research and Extension Through the Perspective of Education on Racial/Ethnic Relations” was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) over the 2015–2017 period. The second, called “Affirmative Actions in Higher Education: Academic Continuity and the World of Work,” was financed by the Ministry of Education and coordinated by the Affirmative Actions Program of the Federal University of Minas (UFMG). Yet perhaps the greatest challenge of the moment refers directly to the very existence of affirmative action policies at the national level. A national evaluation of these policies is scheduled for the year 2022. ; El acceso a la educación superior en Brasil, históricamente, sólo fue abierta para un grupo de élite y, por lo tanto, se tornó inaccesible para la mayoría de la juventud. Este escenario puede explicarse por el poder de la élite esclavista que marcó la formación de la sociedad brasileña, así como la implementación tardía de programas de educación superior que, a su vez, se focalizaban casi exclusivamente a la educación de los miembros de esa élite. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar datos desde una perspectiva de macro análisis, de los avances y los límites del proceso de la democratización de la educación superior en Brasil a partir de las políticas de expansión y acción afirmativa adoptadas desde el final del siglo XX hasta el ...