Modeling of synthetic system for the production of biohydrogen ; Modélisation de système synthétique pour la production de biohydrogène

Hydrogen is a candidate for the next generation fuel with a high energy density and an environment friendly behavior in the energy production phase. Micro-organism based biological production of hydrogen currently suffers low hydrogen production yields because the living cells must sustain different cellular activities other than the hydrogen production to survive. To circumvent this, a team have designed a synthetic cell-free system by combining 13 different enzymes to synthesize hydrogen from cellobiose. This assembly has better yield than microorganism-based systems. We used methods based on differential equations calculations to investigate how the initial conditions and the kinetic parameters of the enzymes influenced the productivity of a such system and, through simulations, to identify those conditions that would optimize hydrogen production starting with cellobiose as substrate. Further, if the kinetic parameters of the component enzymes of such a system are not known, we showed how, using artificial neural network, it is possible to identify alternative models that allow to have an idea of the kinetics of hydrogen production. During our study on the system using cellobiose, other cell-free assemblies were engineered to produce hydrogen from different raw materials. Interested in the reconstruction of synthetic systems, we decided to conceive various tools to help the automation of the assembly and the modelling of these new synthetic networks. This work demonstrates how modeling can help in designing and characterizing cell-free systems in synthetic biology. ; L'épuisement annoncé dans les prochaines décennies des ressources fossiles qui fournissent actuellement plus de 70% du carburant consommé dans les transports terrestres, aériens et maritimes au niveau mondial, incite à l'identification et le développement de nouvelles sources d'énergies renouvelables. La production de biocarburants issue de l'exploitation de la biomasse représente une des voies de recherche les plus prometteuses. Si la première ...