The value of systematic biopsies during vertebroplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ; Intérêt de la réalisation systématique de biopsies lors de la réalisation de vertébroplasties pour le traitement des fractures vertébrales d’allure ostéoporotique

Background: vertebral fracture is the most common complication of osteoporosis. Vertebroplasty is a widespread treatment modality for osteoporotic vertebral fractures, providing consolidation, rapid pain relief and preventing secondary vertebral collapse. Performing a biopsy at the same time as the operation does not lengthen the procedure or increase the risk of complications. The question therefore arises as to whether it is cost-effective diagnostically: are non-osteoporotic vertebral lesions detected when biopsies are taken? Methods: we carried out a single-centre retrospective study at Nice University Hospital. From January 2016 to March 2022, 1729 biopsies were performed during 1439 vertebroplasty procedures on 1120 patients. The pre-operative laboratory work-up included a blood count, a C-reactive protein assay and a coagulation test. The imaging work-up systematically included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), unless contraindicated, in which case computerized tomography scanner (CT) alone was performed. Vertebroplasty was performed in an interventional CT suite under dual CT and fluoroscopic guidance. The systematic biopsy sample was then sent to the anatomopathology department for analysis.Results: the samples detected cancer in 35 patients, including 5 (0.44%) for whom the pre-operative work-up had not raised any suspicion. All the incidental findings were haemopathies, including 4 myelomas and one lymphoma.Conclusion: these results highlight the good performance of MRI in distinguishing osteoporotic vertebral fractures from solid tumour metastases. However, an exhaustive pre-operative work-up does not seem to be able to formally rule out an underlying malignant lesion. We therefore recommend that biopsies be taken systematically when performing vertebroplasty. ; Justification : la fracture vertébrale est la première complication de l’ostéoporose. La vertébroplastie est une modalité répandue de traitement de la fracture vertébrale ostéoporotique, permettant d’obtenir la consolidation, un effet ...