Contributors: Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics; Institut Pasteur Paris (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes / Oncogenic Virus Epidemiology and Pathophysiology (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)); Institut Pasteur Paris (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité); Uppsala University; Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing (CAS); Éco-Anthropologie (EA); Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité); Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH); Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB); Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA); Université Paris-Saclay; Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn); Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ethnologie préhistorique; Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Ecology and Evolution Bern, Switzerland; Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne (UNIBE); Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Lausanne (SIB); Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL); Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Collège de France - Chaire Génomique humaine et évolution; Collège de France (CdF (institution)); Pasteur-Roux-Cantarini fellowship; Collège de France; Fondation Allianz-Institut de France; CNRS; Ecole Doctorale 474 - FIRE-CRI-Programme Bettencourt; ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016); ANR-10-INBS-0009,France Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010); ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010); ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; The Pacific region is of major importance for addressing questions regarding human dispersals, interactions with archaic hominins and natural selection processes1. However, the demographic and adaptive history of Oceanian populations remains largely uncharacterized. Here we report high-coverage genomes of 317 individuals from 20 populations from the Pacific region. We find that the ancestors of Papuan-related ('Near Oceanian') groups underwent a strong bottleneck before the settlement of the region, and separated around 20,000-40,000 years ago. We infer that the East Asian ancestors of Pacific populations may have diverged from Taiwanese Indigenous peoples before the Neolithic expansion, which is thought to have started from Taiwan around 5,000 years ago2-4. Additionally, this dispersal was not followed by an immediate, single admixture event with Near Oceanian populations, but involved recurrent episodes of genetic interactions. Our analyses reveal marked differences in the proportion and nature of Denisovan heritage among Pacific groups, suggesting that independent interbreeding with highly structured archaic populations occurred. Furthermore, whereas introgression of Neanderthal genetic information facilitated the adaptation of modern humans related to multiple phenotypes (for example, metabolism, pigmentation and neuronal development), Denisovan introgression was primarily beneficial for immune-related functions. Finally, we report evidence of selective sweeps and polygenic adaptation associated with pathogen exposure and lipid metabolism in the Pacific region, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of biological adaptation to island environments.
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