Toenail, Blood and Urine as Biomarkers of Manganese Exposure ; J Occup Environ Med

Objective ; This study examined the correlation between manganese exposure and manganese concentrations in different biomarkers. ; Methods ; Air measurement data and work histories were used to determine manganese exposure over a workshift and cumulative exposure. Toenail samples (n=49), as well as blood and urine before (n=27) and after (urine, n=26; blood, n=24) a workshift were collected. ; Results ; Toenail manganese, adjusted for age and dietary manganese, was significantly correlated with cumulative exposure in months 7-9, 10-12, and 7-12 before toenail clipping date, but not months 1-6. Manganese exposure over a work shift was not correlated with changes in blood nor urine manganese. ; Conclusions ; Toenails appeared to be a valid measure of cumulative manganese exposure 7 to 12 months earlier. Neither change in blood nor urine manganese appeared to be suitable indicators of exposure over a typical workshift. ; ES009860/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; OH009762/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States ; R01 ES009860/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 ES009860-09/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; T42OH008416-02/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States ; T42OH008416-04/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States ; 2012-05-01T00:00:00Z ; 21494156 ; PMC3092003