Leishmaniózy a jejich přenašeči v západní Africe ; Leishmaniases and their vectors in western Africa

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by sand flies. In West Africa, leishmaniasis is endemic and we distinguish cutaneous, visceral and mucocutaneous form of the disease. The most common form in this area is cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is caused by Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica and a new, as yet undescribed species Leishmania sp. from Ghana. The causative agents of visceral leishmaniasis are Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. Phlebotomus duboscqi is a confirmed vector of L. major in this region. Vectors of Leishmania sp. from Ghana and vectors of visceral leishmaniasis remain unknown in West Africa. Sand flies of the genus Sergentomyia or Culicoides biting midges are considered as potential alternative vectors in this area. The confirmed reservoir hosts of L. major in some countries are the rodents Tatera gambiana, Arvicanthis niloticus and Mastomys erythroleucus, but in most states they are not confirmed. The reservoir hosts of visceral leishmaniasis are mainly dogs. Some West African states used to be French colonies, and there are many people of African descent in France who come to visit their relatives in West Africa. This poses a risk of import of leishmaniasis to non-endemic areas. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the current knowledge about the. ; Leishmanióza je parazitární onemocnění přenášené flebotomy. V západní Africe se leishmaniózy vyskytují endemicky a setkáme se zde s kožní, viscerální a mukokutánní formou onemocnění. Nejčastější formou nemoci je v této oblasti kožní leishmanióza, kterou způsobují druhy Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica a nový, zatím nepopsaný druh Leishmania sp. z Ghany. Původci viscerální leishmaniózy jsou druhy Leishmania donovani a Leishmania infantum. Potvrzeným přenašečem druhu L. major je v tomto regionu Phlebotomus duboscqi. Vektoři druhu Leishmania sp. z Ghany ani přenašeči viscerální leishmaniózy nejsou v západní Africe známi. Za potenciální alternativní přenašeče jsou v této oblasti považováni flebotomové z rodu ...