Proposal for the development of learning schemes in chemistry from the theory of conceptual fields ; Propuesta de desarrollo de esquemas de aprendizaje en química desde la teoría de campos conceptuales

Chemistry is a fundamental science for the country's technological development, and its study concerns various fields of human activity. However, his teaching has been characterized by being mainly expository, and it is presented as a simple, organized description of phenomena, where learners limit themselves to memorizing concepts and formulas without participating in the construction of their knowledge. The teacher's main task is to help his students develop schemes that enable them to deal with increasingly complex problem situations. The objective of this article was to generate a didactic model oriented to the development of learning schemes in university students, based on Vergnaud's theory of conceptual fields. The methodology used was of a projective documentary type, where each of the constituent elements of the model was determined and described. As a result, a systematics of work inside and outside the classroom is shown, considering the previous schemes of the students, which includes solving problematic situations, cooperative learning, laboratory work, construction of concept maps, use of information and communication technologies, consideration of learning styles and facilitating principles of critical meaningful learning. ; La química es una ciencia fundamental para el desarrollo tecnológico del país y su estudio atañe a diversos campos de la actividad humana. Sin embargo, su enseñanza se ha caracterizado por ser principalmente expositiva, y se presenta como una simple descripción organizada de fenómenos, donde los aprendices se limitan a memorizar conceptos y fórmulas, sin participación en la construcción de sus conocimientos. La tarea principal del docente es ayudar a sus estudiantes a desarrollar esquemas que los capacite a enfrentarse a situaciones problemáticas cada vez más complejas. El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo generar un modelo didáctico orientado al desarrollo de esquemas de aprendizaje en química en estudiantes universitarios, basado en la teoría de los campos conceptuales de ...