Securitização da imigração e tráfico de seres humanos na União Europeia: uma pesquisa de campo sobre as jungles de Calais ; the securitization of immigration and human smuggling in European Union: a study in the jungles of Calais

peer reviewed ; This article aims to present the results of a field research developed in the city of Calais (2013 - 2014) in France. The particularities of this border and immigrants policies of the European Union are responsible for the development of informal camps, where the exploitation of immigrants is an inseparable part of the context. I used as a theoretical approach to securitization of immigration. In the EU the securitization of immigration, illegal immigration and human trafficking are a linked phenomena. Currently immigrants and refugees are unprotected and defined as a source of insecurity, they are exclud and so long an inexhaustible source for criminal networks and activities related to human exploration. There are about 1,000 immigrants living in Calais (they live in camps known as jungles), waiting for an opportunity to cross the border. Calais is the 5th poorest city in France, where widespread insecurity of the inhabitants make it a conducive environment for the development of mafias and human trafficking, as well as the normalization of this "service" for the use of the term passeur. Through the field research, it was found that the majority of inhabitants of the jungles are refugees statutarian or de facto who were taken to Calais by human smugglers networks. These refugees are devoid of EU protection, and survive with the help of charities. it was possible to observ that securitization and lack of technical knowledge of non-state actors are crucial to further development of human smuggling and reproduction of securitization.