Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters and Detectors for the Operation with 1550 nm Pulsed Fiber Lasers

In this thesis, photoconductive terahertz (THz) emitters and detectors suitable for the excitation with femtosecond laser pulses centered on 1550 nm are investigated. The motivation for this study is the development of cost-efficient, flexible and rapid THz time-domain-spectroscopy (TDS) systems for the application in growing fields like non-destructive testing (NDT) and inline process monitoring. In order to achieve this goal, the physics of the generation and detection of THz radiation in photoconductors is investigated. The combination of experimental data with the analytic modeling of the carrier dynamics in THz photoconductors allows for a detailed understanding of the interplay between the growth conditions of the photoconductor and the properties of the fabricated THz device. In this work, three different photoconductive materials were studied as THz emitters and detectors. All these photoconductors contain layers of the ternary semiconductor indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs). When InGaAs is grown lattice matched to an indium phosphide (InP) substrate, the material can be excited by erbium doped femtosecond fiber lasers with a central wavelength around 1550 nm. Therefore, InGaAs is a predestinated absorber in photoconductive THz emitters and detectors. Aside from the common InGaAs layers, the photoconductors investigated in this thesis feature essentially different electrical and optical properties. The reason is that theoretical models and experimental results obtained within the last two decades revealed different demands on photoconductors for THz emitters and detectors. On the detector side, a sub-picosecond electron lifetime is required for the detection of broadband THz radiation with high dynamic range. In contrast, photoconductive materials for THz emitters require high breakdown fields and carrier mobility, whereas the electron lifetime is of minor importance. Therefore, the first part of this work is dedicated to the development of InGaAs-based photoconductors for THz emitters and receivers. ...