Valoração e responsividade em questões do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio nos anos 2019 e 2020

This doctoral thesis, supported by the dialogic conception of language, consists of an exploratory, bibliographical and qualitative survey, inspired by the following problem-question: “How is the valuation and responsiveness of the developing author presented in the genre of Enem's question?”. To answer this question, its objectives were organized as: General – to investigate the author's valuation and responsiveness shown in Enem's question genre, through dialogical relations, as a characteristic of the exam; and Specific – check the discursive sayings in the documents that parameterize the functioning of Enem, known as reference matrices and annexes relating to the objects of knowledge associated with them; analyze Enem's question as a discursive genre; examine how the text(s) that structurally compose the first element of the Enem questions are valued; verify the dialogical relationships through which the author elaborates the questions; and analyze the responsiveness and valuation of the Enem issue. Methodologically, analysis of documents and ten questions from Enem (2019 and 2020) were carefully selected, which dialogued exemplary with concepts, notions and ideas from the theoretical chapters, by sequencing a kind of three steps: 1) visualization of the question and attention to the first element of the question genre (the textual fragment, the refraction of the genre used in the question and the way in which the author values this first element, through linguistic and textual marks); 2) identification of the dialogical relationship present in the second and third elements of the question (statement and alternatives) through which the writer produces his valuation and responsiveness to the cut text and the Enem reference matrix; and 3) discussion about the author's valuation and responsiveness present in the question. Finally, when analyzing the enunciation that constitutes the Enem reference matrices and the knowledge objects associated with them, it was possible to verify the expressive and thematic ...