Postural control impairment in people with COPD : modifications, characteristics and activities of daily living ; Atteinte du contrôle postural des personnes avec BPCO : modifications, caractéristiques et activités de la vie quotidienne

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is highly prevalent respiratory pathology. Previous research has shown that postural control is impaired in people with COPD (PwCOPD). The first aim of this thesis was to identify the characteristics of this postural control modification, then focused on four objectives : to identify the discriminating factors of reduced postural control in this population, to study the associations between postural control and clinical factors, to characterise the postural control of PwCOPD during activities of daily living (ADL) and to study the influence of a cognitive task on the postural control of PwCOPD. The main result of this work tend to show that postural control is impaired in around 60% of PwCOPD and that many components of postural control can be impaired. PwCOPD with a reduced postural control are characterised by a low symptom-related quality of life, a low arterial pressure in oxygen, a reduced inspiratory muscle strength and a high body mass index. Biomechanical analysis of a sequence of ADL revealed some changes in postural control parameters (reduction in mean center of mass velocities in the three directions, in the variability of its medio-lateral and vertical velocity, and in its peak vertical velocity) in PwCOPD compared with control participants. The association analysis mainly showed a link between dyspnea during performed ADL and assessed postural control parameters. Finally, our results suggest that a cognitive task has a similar influence on postural control parameters of PwCOPD and control participants. ; La Broncho-Pneumopathie Chronique Obstructive (BPCO) est une pathologie respiratoire à la prévalence élevée. Des travaux antérieurs ont mis en évidence que le contrôle postural des personnes avec BPCO (pBPCO) était altéré. Cette thèse s’est d’abord attachée à préciser les caractéristiques de cette modification du contrôle postural, puis s’est articulée autour de quatre objectifs : identifier les facteurs discriminants d’un contrôle postural réduit dans ...