نبذة مختصرة : The process of micro-arcs oxidation (OMA), whose principle is based on that of traditional anodization, applies to a group of metals and their alloys (Al, Mg, Ti, Zn, Nb, Ta, Hf, W, Sb, Mo, Bi). The specificity of this process lies in the participation of discharges or micro-arcs (followed by a gaseous emission) in the formation of the coating by conversion of the substrate. The discharges cause the formation of a coating made up of alumina whose properties are considerably different from those of layers obtained by traditional anodization. After a review about traditional anodization and micro-arcs oxidation, this work tackles the characterization of OMA coatings by several techniques: optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and electron probe microscopy analysis (EPMA) with wave-length dispersive spectrometry (WDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microtomography. Each technique of analysis produces complementary results making it possible to look deeper into the understanding of the growth mechanism of the three layers of the coating: porous outer layer, dense inner layer and the so called ?barrier layer? at the coating / substrate interface. An assessment of the coating morphology can be suggested from the appearance of the surface treated in silicate bath. The defects of OMA coating are revealed. Correlations are established between the parameters of treatment (density and frequency of the current, ratio of negative to positive charge quantity applied to the electrode (qn / qp) and duration of the treatment), the nature of the substrate and the coating features (proportions of defects, various types of alumina, thickness of the layers) From these results of characterization, a model of the discharges formation and coating growth is proposed in the case of an aluminium alloy ; Le procédé d'oxydation micro-arcs (OMA), dont le principe est basé sur celui de l'anodisation classique, s'applique à un groupe de métaux ...
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