Variational and hyperbolic methods applied to constrained mechanical systems ; Méthodes variationnelles et hyperboliques appliquées aux systèmes mécaniques sous contrainte

In this thesis, we consider constrained hyperbolic partial differential equations and more precisely mechanical problems coming from perfect plasticity. The goal of this thesis is to study these problems thanks to different approaches, to analyze the interactions between these different points of view and to confront these various analyzes to get new results. A brief review of the mechanical origin of perfect plasticity problems and also of the previous results on these topics are described in Chapter 1.In Chapter 2, we focus our attention on hyperbolic systems with boundary conditions. First, we develop a weak theory for these problems and explain, in a simplified case, why this theory is well-posed. Then, we introduce similarly a notion of weak solutions for constrained hyperbolic systems with boundary conditions.Chapter 3 is devoted to the study of the simplified model of dynamical perfect plasticity. We confront the approach introduced in the previous chapter with the one, more standard, coming from calculus of variations that allows us to obtain existence and uniqueness of the solutions for this model. It allows us to bring to light a new interaction between the boundary conditions and the constraints and to get a short-time regularity theorem.Lastly, in Chapter 4, we are interested in the numerical approximation of constrained hyperbolic systems thanks to finite volume schemes. This work allows us to get a convergence result for problems without boundary condition and to show numerically the link between boundary conditions and constraints on the example of the previous chapter. ; Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux équations aux dérivées partielles hyperboliques sous contraintes ; plus particulièrement aux problèmes provenant de la mécanique de la plasticité parfaite. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier ces problèmes via différentes approches, d'analyser les interactions entre ces points de vues distincts et de tirer profit de ces analyses différentes pour obtenir de nouveaux résultats. Un ...