Turkic morphology seen by the Arabic grammarians. The passive

This paper deals with the analyses of medieval Arab grammarians of passive and resultative verbs in Turkic. In Arabic grammatical theory, certain forms are correlated with unique meanings. In Arabic there are basically two types of passives: first, an internal apophonic passive, indicated by a vowel shift within the verbal root, e.g. /faʿila/ → /fuʿila/; secondly, a passive indicated by the prefix in- attached to the root, i.e. Form VII, which results in the infinitive pattern infiʿāl —yet verbal forms construed according to the VII paradigm are in addition often interpreted as resultative verbs. In Turkic, verbs can be passivized by adding an -Vl- to the verbal stem (under some criteria this is -Vn-), e.g. ʾur- ‘hit’ → ʾur-ul- ‘be hit’; the Turkish -Vn- form also expresses the reflexive form, e.g. ʾur-un- ‘hit oneself’. In addition, other suffixes may indicate passivization. This poses problems for the grammarians, which they tackle in similar but also very distinct ways: the distinctions between the two passive forms in Arabic, the missing resultative in Turkic, the passive in Turkic, the notion of stem in Turkic versus root in Arabic theory, the position of the inserted element, the criteria according to which the Turkic passive form is not -Vl- but instead -Vn-, to name but a few. ; Cette contribution se penche sur les analyses des verbes passifs et résultatifs en turcique menées par les grammairiens arabes. Dans la théorie grammaticale arabe, certaines formes sont corrélées à une valeur unique. En arabe, il y a essentiellement deux types de passif : un passif apophonique interne, indiqué par une variation des voyelles à l’intérieur de la racine verbale, e. g. /faʿila/ → /fuʿila/, et un passif marqué par le préfixe in- attaché à la racine, autrement la forme VII, qui donne l’infinitif infiʿāl ; toutefois les formes verbales de la forme VII sont en outre souvent interprétées comme des verbes résultatifs. En turcique, les verbes peuvent être construits au passif en ajoutant au radical un suffixe -Vl- (dans ...