Participación social para la seguridad alimentaria en comunidades escolares mexicanas de educación básica ; Social participation for food security in Mexican elementary schools

[EN] In Mexico, there is a high childhood prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, nevertheless, there are marginal community movements that seek to enforce children's right to health. The objective of this research is to analyze the strategies of three Mexican elementary schools fostering social participation aimed to promote nutritious and adequate diet in their students, in order to identify their achievements and improvement areas. A comparative study was carried out, with mixed methods, in three peri-urban school communities in central Mexico. Through testimonies obtained by interviews, the microhistory of the food service of each school and its operating characteristics are reconstructed. Two models of interaction with the government through the government school food programs were identified. The first, characterized by a vertical organization managed by the government, is guaranteed the availability and access to nutritious foods, but there is low acceptance by the students due to the cultural inadequacy of the menu and due to the alternative supply of hyper-palatable foods. In the second, the proactivity of the members of the school communities to participate in the choice of the food suppliers, and designing a menu appropriate to the local culture, led to the withdrawal of government support; although the teachers and relatives of the students have developed capacities to assume with their own resources the supply of nutritious and adequate food to the students. This management capacity, enthusiastic and independent attitude needs to be legally reinforced through regulatory laws, so that the State assumes its responsibility to support them as it is constitutionally obliged. ; [ES] En México, país con altas prevalencias infantiles de obesidad y síndrome metabólico, existen movimientos comunitarios marginales que buscan hacer efectivo el derecho a la salud de los niños. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las estrategias de participación social que tres comunidades escolares mexicanas de ...