نبذة مختصرة : A tool kit of vectors was designed to manipulate and express genes from a wide range of gram-negative species by using in vivo recombination. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can use its native recombination proteins to combine several amplicons in a single transformation step with high efficiency. We show that this technology is particularly useful for vector design. Shuttle, suicide, and expression vectors useful in a diverse group of bacteria are described and utilized. This report describes the use of these vectors to mutate clpX and clpP of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to explore their roles in biofilm formation and surface motility. Complementation of the rhamnolipid biosynthetic gene rhlB is also described. Expression vectors are used for controlled expression of genes in two pseudomonad species. To demonstrate the facility of building complicated constructs with this technique, the recombination of four PCR-generated amplicons in a single step at >80% efficiency into one of these vectors is shown. These tools can be used for genetic studies of pseudomonads and many other gram-negative bacteria. ; Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. Received 24 March 2006/ Accepted 3 May 2006 We thank Dan MacEachran, Benedict Kemp, and Stu Powers for critical reading of the manuscript and members of the O'Toole lab for trying many of the described constructs. We thank Herbert Schweizer, Dean Dawson, and Janet Ajioka for the kind gifts of plasmids, strains, and glass beads. This work was supported by NIH training grants T32 AI07363 and F32 GM66658-01A1 to R.M.Q.S. and NIH R21-AI055774 and AI51360 to G.A.O.
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