Addition and subtraction problems in textbooks of mathematic in basic education: an analysis under the aspects of the theory of conceptual fields

The Theory of Conceptual Fields provides us with reflections about the structures and classes of addition and subtraction problems, which are present in the Additive Conceptual Field. This work, we aimed to investigate and discuss the problems from this Conceptual Field, present in a collection of textbooks, directed towards the initial years of Basic Education. Each structure found in the books was discussed presenting its format, as well as an example of this one that is present in the textbooks, accompanied by reflections. Our analysis covered a thousand and eighty-five (1085) exercises of the five (05) volumes of the Ápis collection, which allowed us to reach quantitative and qualitative conclusions, among which we highlight the classes of problems prevalent in each book, the different types of problems present in the different volumes, as the school years advance.