Facial actinomycosis mimicking a cutaneous tumor

Actinomycosis is a chronic granulomatous infection that commonly occurs in the cervicofacial region. Although Actinomcyes is an element of the normal oral flora, infections of the facial skin are very rare because of the entirely endogenous habitation of the organism. The authors report a case of facial actinomycosis, which mimicked a cutaneous tumor both clinically and surgically in a 44-year-old woman with chronic renal failure and Hepatitis C viral infection. The majority of cases can be treated with longterm antibiotics. However, a treatment-resistant abscess, a fistula, or postsurgical excision of the mass formation that are infected can be treated with antibiotics as soon as possible, and recurrence of infection is prevented. The treatment should consist of conservative surgery to obtain a firm histological diagnosis and to drain any collections.