نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; Using a methodology borrowed from ethnology and geography (field surveys, participant observations, acquisition of materials and qualitative and quantitative data, etc.), this paper focuses on fishing practices employed to catch European eels on two European seaboards: the French Atlantic and the German Baltic. In these two coastal areas, eel fishing has been practiced for millennia, and takes different forms, with a number of cultural differences between France and Germany. However, faced with an overall reduction in eel stocks for multiple reasons, both anthropogenic and environmental, both countries’ national authorities, urged by the European Commission, have implemented management plans on the scale of drainage basins in order to protect eel resources as far as possible, with different lines of action aimed at reducing pressure on the eel population. The consequences for fishing practices, which are often traditional, are numerous and have an indirect impact on the local socio-economic fabric, particularly through fleet withdrawal plans. The delicate balance between preserving the ecosystem and maintaining the local socio-economic fabric becomes particularly visible, highlighting the need for sustainable management of this social and ecological system. ; S’appuyant sur une méthodologie empruntée à l’ethnologie et à la géographie (enquêtes de terrain, observations participantes, acquisitions de matériaux et de données qualitatives et quantitatives…), cet article s’intéresse aux pratiques de pêche de l’anguille européenne sur deux façades maritimes européennes : l’Atlantique français et la Baltique allemande. Sur ces deux espaces côtiers, la pêche à l’anguille est pratiquée depuis des millénaires, et revêt diverses formes, avec plusieurs différences culturelles entre France et Allemagne. Toutefois, confrontés à une diminution globale du stock d’anguilles aux causes multiples, aussi bien anthropiques qu’environnementales, les pouvoirs publics nationaux, pressés par la Commission ...
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