Efeito toxicológico do uso do extrato pirolenhoso e benzoato de sódio nas dietas de suínos ; Toxicological effect of the use of pyroligneous extract and sodium benzoate in swine diets

The high productivity of pig farming resulted in high animal density on farms, generating stress and worsening animal performance. Zootechnical food additives emerged as auxiliaries in this context, with antibiotics being the most used in animal diets. Some disputes regarding its use in subtherapeutic doses arose due to the cross-resistance of bacteria and possible contamination in meat, generating risks to human health, which caused its suspension by the European Union since 2006. Thus, several studies were carried out in order to to discover potential substitutes for bacteria, such as organic acids and plant extracts. Pyroligneous extract is a liquid obtained through the distillation of wood smoke; It contains several organic acids capable of being absorbed by the animal's intestinal epithelium, acting on the DNA structure of bacterial cells, causing a bacteriostatic effect. Benzoic acid is a simple aromatic carboxylic acid used as a food preservative, whose main functions are related to the production of phenol, obtaining sodium benzoate and esters for the manufacture of plasticizers, in addition to being used in the production of Caprolactam, an intermediate in the synthesis make nylon. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the toxic potential of the pyroligneous extract associated with sodium benzoate in the feeding of pigs in the growing and finishing phase. Twelve castrated male pigs were used in the experiment, during a period of 52 days, distributed in a randomized block design according to weight, in four groups (CG: 0% additives; GE: 2% Pyroligneous extract; GEB: 2% of pyroligneous extract and 1% sodium benzoate; GB: 1% sodium benzoate) and six repetitions. The parameters evaluated were the profile of aminotransferase enzymes (TGO and TGP), tissue configuration, as well as the weight of the organ. The behavior of the variables tested by statistical package and qualitative evaluation of the images, indicated a reliability in the additives used, being considered of low risk to the ...