INTERACTION OF CEREBRAL, CARDIAC AND MUSCULAR CHANGES INDUCED BY ACUTE ENDURANCE EXERCISE

Resting and premotor brain activity seems to be decisive for numerous motor behaviors. The literature has shown that acute endurance exercise may modulate the brain activity and reduce the motor performances. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the links between the modulations in resting and premotor electroencephalographic activity, and the knee-extensor neuromuscular function and the autonomic cardiovascular activity changes after an endurance exercise performed on an ergocycle. In parallel, this work aims to bring to the field of exercise sciences a new analysis method of the functional state of the resting brain, namely, the microstate analysis. In the first article, we reported a reduction in premotor potential amplitude and maximal voluntary contraction force after exercise. The decrease in premotor brain activity shows links with the neuromuscular function and suggests that mechanisms implicated in a voluntary contraction may reside at the premotor level, even before movement arises. In the second article, we reported a main effect of exercise on microstate C stability, which was characterized by an increase in its duration, time coverage and explained variance, and a greater percentage of transition towards this microstate. This study suggests that the modulations of microstate C may reflect a dominance of the salience resting-state network, likely under the influence of muscle afferents and endogenous stimuli, which could affect the voluntary motor command. In the third article, we showed that the increase in microstate C mean duration and the modulations in heart rate variability persist during the 1 hour after exercise. The modifications in microstate C temporal properties may reflect the adjustment of the autonomic cardiovascular activity and/or an increase in exercise-related cardiovascular arousal. By investigating the resting and premotor brain activity, the present thesis provides a better understanding of the motor response modulations after endurance exercise and opens up novel ...